Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy

The placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions...

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Autores: Ortega, Ángel, Salazar, Juan, Galban, Néstor, Rojas, Milagros, Ariza, Daniela, Chávez-Castillo, Mervin, Nava, Manuel, Riaño-Garzón, Manuel E., Díaz-Camargo, Edgar Alexis, Medina-Ortiz, Oscar, Bermúdez, Valmore
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2022
País:Colombia
Institución:Universidad Simón Bolívar
Repositorio:Repositorio Digital USB
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:bonga.unisimon.edu.co:20.500.12442/11295
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11295
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:placebo effect
Psychoneuroimmunology
Conditioning
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spelling Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain TherapyOrtega, ÁngelSalazar, JuanGalban, NéstorRojas, MilagrosAriza, DanielaChávez-Castillo, MervinNava, ManuelRiaño-Garzón, Manuel E.Díaz-Camargo, Edgar AlexisMedina-Ortiz, OscarBermúdez, Valmoreplacebo effectPsychoneuroimmunologyConditioningThe placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions on analgesia, but that it is also capable of generating effects on the immune and endocrine systems. The possible integration of changes in different systems of the organism could favor the well-being of the individuals and go hand in hand with conventional treatment for multiple diseases. In this sense, classic conditioning and setting expectations stand out as psychological mechanisms implicated in the placebo effect. Recent advances in neuroimaging studies suggest a relationship between the placebo response and the opioid, cannabinoid, and monoaminergic systems. Likewise, a possible immune response conditioned by the placebo effect has been reported. There is evidence of immune suppression conditioned through the insular cortex and the amygdala, with noradrenalin as the responsible neurotransmitter. Finally, a conditioned response in the secretion of different hormones has been determined in different studies; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not entirely known. Beyond studies about its mechanism of action, the placebo effect has proved to be useful in the clinical setting with promising results in the management of neurological, psychiatric, and immunologic disorders. However, more research is needed to better characterize its potential use. This review integrates current knowledge about the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune basis of the placebo effect and its possible clinical applications.MDPI2022-11-11T17:41:55Z2022-11-11T17:41:55Z2022info:eu-repo/semantics/articleArtículo científicoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpdfapplication/pdfOrtega, Á., Salazar, J., Galban, N., Rojas, M., Ariza, D., Chávez-Castillo, M., Nava, M., Riaño-Garzón, M. E., Díaz-Camargo, E. A., Medina-Ortiz, O., & Bermúdez, V. (2022). Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms2308419614220067https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11295https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196International Journal of Molecular SciencesVol. 23, Isuue 8 (2022)reponame:Repositorio Digital USBinstname:Universidad Simón Bolívarinstacron:Universidad Simón BolívarengAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess2022-11-17T16:59:14Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
title Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
spellingShingle Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
Ortega, Ángel
placebo effect
Psychoneuroimmunology
Conditioning
title_short Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
title_full Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
title_fullStr Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
title_sort Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Ortega, Ángel
Salazar, Juan
Galban, Néstor
Rojas, Milagros
Ariza, Daniela
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Nava, Manuel
Riaño-Garzón, Manuel E.
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar Alexis
Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
Bermúdez, Valmore
author Ortega, Ángel
author_facet Ortega, Ángel
Salazar, Juan
Galban, Néstor
Rojas, Milagros
Ariza, Daniela
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Nava, Manuel
Riaño-Garzón, Manuel E.
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar Alexis
Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
Bermúdez, Valmore
author_role author
author2 Salazar, Juan
Galban, Néstor
Rojas, Milagros
Ariza, Daniela
Chávez-Castillo, Mervin
Nava, Manuel
Riaño-Garzón, Manuel E.
Díaz-Camargo, Edgar Alexis
Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
Bermúdez, Valmore
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv placebo effect
Psychoneuroimmunology
Conditioning
topic placebo effect
Psychoneuroimmunology
Conditioning
description The placebo effect can be defined as the improvement of symptoms in a patient after the administration of an innocuous substance in a context that induces expectations regarding its effects. During recent years, it has been discovered that the placebo response not only has neurobiological functions on analgesia, but that it is also capable of generating effects on the immune and endocrine systems. The possible integration of changes in different systems of the organism could favor the well-being of the individuals and go hand in hand with conventional treatment for multiple diseases. In this sense, classic conditioning and setting expectations stand out as psychological mechanisms implicated in the placebo effect. Recent advances in neuroimaging studies suggest a relationship between the placebo response and the opioid, cannabinoid, and monoaminergic systems. Likewise, a possible immune response conditioned by the placebo effect has been reported. There is evidence of immune suppression conditioned through the insular cortex and the amygdala, with noradrenalin as the responsible neurotransmitter. Finally, a conditioned response in the secretion of different hormones has been determined in different studies; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not entirely known. Beyond studies about its mechanism of action, the placebo effect has proved to be useful in the clinical setting with promising results in the management of neurological, psychiatric, and immunologic disorders. However, more research is needed to better characterize its potential use. This review integrates current knowledge about the psycho-neuro-endocrine-immune basis of the placebo effect and its possible clinical applications.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-11T17:41:55Z
2022-11-11T17:41:55Z
2022
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Artículo científico
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv Ortega, Á., Salazar, J., Galban, N., Rojas, M., Ariza, D., Chávez-Castillo, M., Nava, M., Riaño-Garzón, M. E., Díaz-Camargo, E. A., Medina-Ortiz, O., & Bermúdez, V. (2022). Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196
14220067
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11295
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196
identifier_str_mv Ortega, Á., Salazar, J., Galban, N., Rojas, M., Ariza, D., Chávez-Castillo, M., Nava, M., Riaño-Garzón, M. E., Díaz-Camargo, E. A., Medina-Ortiz, O., & Bermúdez, V. (2022). Psycho-Neuro-Endocrine-Immunological Basis of the Placebo Effect: Potential Applications beyond Pain Therapy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(8), 4196. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196
14220067
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/11295
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084196
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv pdf
application/pdf
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
publisher.none.fl_str_mv MDPI
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Vol. 23, Isuue 8 (2022)
reponame:Repositorio Digital USB
instname:Universidad Simón Bolívar
instacron:Universidad Simón Bolívar
instname_str Universidad Simón Bolívar
instacron_str Universidad Simón Bolívar
institution Universidad Simón Bolívar
reponame_str Repositorio Digital USB
collection Repositorio Digital USB
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score 15,812429

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